Abstract
BackgroundNo review to date has evaluated the association between physical fitness and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in healthy children and adolescents. The aims of this systematic review and meta-analysis were to examine the relationship between both cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscular fitness (MF) and HRQoL in healthy subjects under 18 years of age and to describe the dimensions of HRQoL in which these relationships are more robust.MethodsThe Medline, Embase, Cochrane Library, SCIELO, SPORTDiscus and PEDro databases were systematically searched to collect observational studies that examined the relationship between CRF and HRQoL and between MF and HRQoL in participants under 18 years of age without any diagnosed medical condition. Pooled effect sizes (ES) were estimated for the associations between both CRF and MF and the various HRQoL dimensions.ResultsThe pooled ES (95% CI) estimates for the relationship between CRF and HRQoL were as follows: 0.19 (0.10 to 0.27) for physical well-being, 0.19 (0.07 to 0.32) for psychological well-being, 0.20 (− 0.14 to 0.55) for perceived health status, 0.10 (0.00 to 0.20) for self-perception/self-esteem, 0.07 (− 0.05 to 0.19) for quality of family relationship, 0.14 (0.04 to 0.25) for quality of peer relationship, 0.17 (0.04 to 0.29) for everyday functioning at school and 0.20 (0.12 to 0.28) for total HRQoL score. The pooled ES (95% CI) estimates for the relationship between MF and HRQoL were: 0.25 (0.12 to 0.37) for physical well-being, 0.11 (0.04 to 0.17) for psychological well-being, 0.08 (0.01 to 0.15) for quality of family relationship, 0.14 (0.03 to 0.25) for quality of peer relationship, and 0.09 (0.03 to 0.14) for total HRQoL score.ConclusionsOur data suggest that both CRF and MF are positively associated with HRQoL, mainly in physical, psychological and peer relationships. Moreover, CRF is positively associated with school dimensions and MF is positively associated with family relationships.Trail registration Protocol PROSPERO registration number: CRD42015025823.
Highlights
No review to date has evaluated the association between physical fitness and health-related qual‐ity of life (HRQoL) in healthy children and adolescents
Our data suggest that both cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and muscular fitness (MF) are positively associated with Health-related quality of life (HRQoL), mainly in physical, psy‐
CRF is positively associated with school dimensions and MF is positively associated with family relationships
Summary
Ity of life (HRQoL) in healthy children and adolescents. Health-related quality of life (HRQoL) encompasses the aspects of overall quality of life that can be clearly shown to affect physical or mental health status [2]. The term refers to the effects of health, disease and treatments on QoL and excludes aspects that are not related to health, such as cultural, political or social conditions [3]. HRQoL includes the dimensions generally connected with daily activities, cognitive acquisitions, emotions, self-perception and interpersonal relationships, and the environment around them. In generic HRQoL questionnaires for children and adolescents, the dimensions most commonly measured are self-esteem, body image and autonomy, physical functioning or well-being, emotional status, family and social relationships, and school and leisure [4]. It is known that in children with poor HRQoL, normal development is impaired, making them less likely to mature into healthy adults [5]
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