Relationship between biomarkers of inflammation, oxidative stress and endothelial/microcirculatory function in successful aging versus healthy youth: a transversal study.

Daniel Alexandre Bottino,Flávia Gomes Lopes,Francisco José De Oliveira,Eliete Bouskela,Ruth Clapauch,Anete De Souza Mecenas

doi:10.1186/s12877-015-0044-x

Daniel Alexandre Bottino, Flávia Gomes Lopes + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1186/s12877-015-0044-x

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Journal: BMC Geriatrics	Publication Date: Apr 8, 2015
Citations: 51	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: Rio de Janeiro State University

Abstract

BackgroundThere is a functional decline of endothelial- dependent vasodilatation in the aging process. The aims of this study were to investigate if various microcirculatory parameters could correlate to anthropometrical variables, oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers in successful aging and compare the results to young healthy controls.MethodsHealthy elderly women (HE, 74.0 ± 8.7 years, n = 11) and young controls (YC, 23.1 ± 3.6 years, n = 24) were evaluated through nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC), venous occlusion plethysmography (VOP) and laboratorial analysis. Functional capillary density (FCD) and diameters, maximum red blood cell velocity (RBCVmax) during the reactive hyperemia response/RBCVbaseline after 1 min arterial occlusion at the finger base, time to reach RBCVmax were determined by NVC, peak increment of forearm blood flow (FBF) during the reactive hyperemia response (%Hyper) and after 0.4 mg sublingual nitroglycerin (%Nitro) by VOP and lipidogram, fibrinogen, fasting and postload glucose, oxidized LDL-cholesterol (oxLDL), sICAM, sVCAM, sE-Selectin, interleukines 1 and 6 and TNF-α by laboratorial analysis. Correlations and linear multiple regression (LMR) between %Hyper, %Nitro, microcirculatory parameters, oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers were investigated.ResultssVCAM, sE-Selectin and oxLDL were higher and RBCVmax/RBCVbaseline and %Hyper lower in HE, while %Nitro and FCD remained unchanged. Fibrinogen, LDL-cholesterol, oxLDL correlated negatively to %Hyper while sVCAM correlated negatively to %Hyper and RBCVmax/RBCVbaseline. Healthy aged women presented dilated capillaries with sustained perfusion and endothelial dysfunction with preserved vascular smooth muscle reactivity. Fibrinogen, LDL-cholesterol, oxidized-LDL and sVCAM correlated negatively to endothelial function but not to microcirculatory parameters. Oxidized-LDL and sVCAM could determine %Hyper through LMR.ConclusionOxidized-LDL and sVCAM might be used as endothelial dysfunction biomarkers for elderly with normal cardiovascular risk factors.

Highlights

There is a functional decline of endothelial- dependent vasodilatation in the aging process
The main objectives of this study were to observe the influence of some anthropometrical parameters such as blood pressure and body mass index, oxidative stress, inflammatory biomarkers and some classical cardiovascular risk factors to possible modifications of microcirculatory function and forearm blood flow using nailfold videocapillaroscopy (NVC) and venous occlusion plethysmography (VOP), respectively of healthy elderly women compared to healthy young controls
Significant differences in LDL cholesterol and fibrinogen (Table 1), sVCAM, sE-Selectin and oxidized-LDL were observed between groups (Table 2), with healthy elderly (HE) presenting increased levels compared to young controls. sICAM, IL-1 beta, IL-6 high sensitivity, TNF-α and Creactive protein were not different between groups

Summary

Introduction

There is a functional decline of endothelial- dependent vasodilatation in the aging process. The aims of this study were to investigate if various microcirculatory parameters could correlate to anthropometrical variables, oxidative stress and inflammatory biomarkers in successful aging and compare the results to young healthy controls. Endothelial dysfunction, expressed by reduced nitric oxide (NO) availability, is recognized as the crucial and earliest event for the onset of the atherosclerotic process. It is important to know the behavior of the cardiovascular system without disease in old age compared to young individuals because many pathophysiological conditions, mainly metabolic ones, will be more evident after 65 years and may bring frailty to many systems favoring the onset of diseases. It is believed that there is more production of reactive oxygen species and/or less antioxidant effect in the aging process which could cause oxidative stress and inflammation leading to an age-dependent endothelial dysfunction described in humans [3,4]. Vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM) 1, endothelial selectin (E-selectin) and intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM) 1, all control leukocyte adhesion to the endothelium [5]

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