Relationship between balance and dual task walking in the very elderly.

Abstract

To investigate the relationship between balance and dual task performance in adults aged over 80 years, and to analyze possible differences between fallers and non-fallers in dual task performance. An observational cross-sectional study was carried out at the Federal University of São Carlos (Brazil). We assessed 67 community-dwelling older adults aged over 80 years who were able to walk. The volunteers were divided into groups of fallers and non-fallers. The one-leg standing and tandem tests were used to assess balance. Dual task was assessed by the Timed Up and Go test, associated with a motor task (TUGT-motor) and a cognitive task (TUGT-cognitive). Statistical analyses were carried out, and the significance level was set at α = 5%. Significant correlations were found between balance and dual task variables. Fallers took significantly more time and steps on both the TUGT-motor and the TUGT-cognitive, with no significant differences on balance tests between groups. Recognizing the influence of dual task walking on balance and fall risk could help health professionals to prevent falls in older adults, as well as optimize assessment and intervention planning.