Relationship between attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder and substance use among college students in southeastern Iran

Abstract

ABSTRACT Background or Objective Individuals with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms are more likely to struggle with substance use. College students are more prone to and at risk of substance use. The aim of the present study was to conduct the association between ADHD and substance use among college students in southeastern Iran. Methods This is a cross-sectional study that was carried out among 235 Iranian students in 2022. The demographic information questionnaire, Conner’s Adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, and Questionnaire of Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior was used to collect the required data. The Chi-square test was used to examine the relationship among the research variables. Results Stimulant use was more common than opioid use, with 8% of college students admitting to having consumed alcohol at some point in their lifetimes. Attention-deficit symptoms, impulsive symptoms, and the ADHD index were found in 42%, 44%, and 43.4% of the sample, respectively. Students who used substances exhibited higher levels of attention deficit and impulsivity than other students. Conclusions The high incidence of attention deficit and impulsive symptoms among college students may play a role in encouraging and sustaining substance use and lowering academic performance.