Relationship between assertiveness in community pharmacists and pharmacist-initiated prescription changes

Abstract

BackgroundDespite the usefulness of assertiveness by healthcare professionals in improving patient safety, few studies have evaluated the assertiveness of community pharmacists. Community pharmacists’ assertiveness might be associated with pharmacist-initiated prescribing changes to improve medication safety. ObjectivesOur objective was to examine which types of assertiveness-related self-expression are associated with community pharmacist-initiated prescribing changes while adjusting for possible confounding factors. MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional survey in Japan between May and October 2022 in 10 prefectures. Community pharmacists belonging to a large pharmacy chain were recruited. The outcome variable was the frequency of community pharmacist-initiated prescription changes over 1 month. Community pharmacists' assertiveness was assessed using the Interprofessional Assertiveness Scale (IAS) and 3 sub-domains (nonassertive, assertive, and aggressive self-expression). Participants were classified into 1 of 2 categories based on medians. Demographic and clinical characteristics were compared by group with univariate analysis. A generalized linear model (GLM) was used to investigate the association between pharmacist-initiated prescription changes as an ordinal variable and pharmacists' assertiveness. ResultsOf 3346 community pharmacists invited, 963 were included in the analysis. Participants with high assertive self-expression scores had a significantly higher frequency of pharmacist-initiated prescription changes. There was no association between nonassertive or aggressive self-expression and pharmacist-initiated prescription changes. After adjustments, high assertive self-expression remained associated with a high frequency of community pharmacist-initiated prescription changes (odds ratio, 1.34; 95% confidence interval, 1.02–1.74; p = 0.032). ConclusionsHigher assertive self-expression among community pharmacists is associated with higher frequency of pharmacist-initiated prescription changes.