Relationship between Alveolar Ridge Resorption in Mandible and Masticatory Performance Based on Gender in Complete Denture Wearers at Dental and Oral Hospital University Sumatera Utara

Subjective and objective measures for evaluating masticatory ability and associating factors of complete denture wearers: A clinical study

To evaluate the influence of age, gender, mandibular bone height, previous experience with prostheses, and methods for denture fabrication on masticatory performance of complete denture (CD) wearers. For this study, 29 individuals treated with CDs fabricated by simplified or conventional methods had their masticatory performance assessed 4 weeks after the prostheses' adjustment and control, using the sieve method and almonds as a natural food test. Experimental variables related to age, gender, and previous use of complete dentures were collected from dental records. Panoramic digital radiographs were used to determine mandibular bone height according to the criteria described by the American College of Prosthodontists. Data on masticatory performance were assessed using t-test for independent samples to make comparison between simplified and conventional methods, and a multiple linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate the influence of age, gender, previous experience with CDs, and mandibular bone height on masticatory performance using SPSS software with a significance level of 5%. There was no significant influence regarding the method for CD fabrication (p = 0.92), age (p = 0.36), mandibular bone height (p = 0.37), and previous experience with prostheses (p = 0.15) on masticatory performance of CD wearers. Female patients presented lower masticatory performance than male (p = 0.04) patients did. Considering the limitations of this study, it was concluded that gender might be considered a risk factor for masticatory performance of CD wearers. Female patients demonstrated reduced masticatory performance in comparison to male patients.

Masticatory Ability and Performance: The Effects of Mutilated and Maloccluded Dentitions

Soft liners are mainly used with complete dentures in case of poor mucosal conditions and for the even distribution of masticatory forces. However, there is some doubt as to whether the elasticity of the soft liner disturbs masticatory function because denture wearers may need extra force to compress the soft liners, leading to muscle fatigue. So, this clinical study was done to evaluate and compare the masticatory performance in patients wearing complete dentures with and without the use of soft liners. Twenty edentulous subjects were selected for the study. For each patient two sets of complete dentures were fabricated. First set without the use of soft liner and the second one for using with soft liner. Peanuts were selected as test food for the study and the chewed food was pooled for a single measurement and then poured on sieves. Both filter and filtrate were collected and was centrifuged. Masticatory performance in this study has been quantitated by dividing the volume of test food passing through the sieve by the total volume of test food recovered. The fraction is then expressed as a percent. With the paired t-test performed, significant difference was found between the masticatory performance in patients wearing complete dentures with and without the use of soft liners. 5% difference was seen in the mean performance. It has been concluded from this study that, masticatory performance in patients wearing complete dentures with the use of soft liners was improved by 5% when compared to the patients wearing complete dentures without using soft liners. This present study indicates that the masticatory performance enhanced with the use of soft liners for complete denture patients.

The aims of this study were to evaluate the effect of two complete denture occlusal schemes on masticatory performance and maximum occlusal force. Two complete dentures occlusal schemes, bilateral balanced occlusion and neutrocentric occlusion, were randomly delivered to 10 fully edentulous subjects (6 males and 4 females with the mean age of 67.3 years old), were referred to graduate prosthodontic clinic at Faculty of dentistry, Chulalongkorn University. The masticatory performance and the maximum occlusal force were obtained using multiple sieve method and pressure sensitive film respectively. Two occlusal schemes were interchanged on the intra-individual denture base. The tests were repeated similarly. Results showed both occlusal schemes demonstrated no significant differences on masticatory performance (p=0.07). The increasing of chewing strokes of both occlusal schemes showed significant differences on masticatory performance (p<0.001). Both occlusal schemes demonstrated no significant differences on maximum occlusal force (p=0.31). In conclusion, complete denture with bilateral balanced occlusion and neutrocentric occlusion demonstrated no significant differences on masticatory performance and maximum occlusal force. However, the more chewing strokes showed better masticatory performance. For clinical implication, Neutrocentric occlusion rendered the same masticatory performance and maximum occlusal force as the golden standard bilateral balanced occlusion. However, the complete denture wearers should be instructed to apply more chewing strokes for a better chewing ability.

Tongue motor skills and masticatory performance in adult dentates, elderly dentates, and complete denture wearers

A comparative study of masticatory performance in complete denture patients before and after application of soft liner

Modified retention and stability criteria for complete denture wearers: A risk assessment tool for impaired masticatory ability and oral health-related quality of life

Edentulism is the condition of losing all permanent teeth in the upper and lower jaws, which can impair masticatory function. Masticatory performance is influenced by various factors, one of which is the salivary flow rate, which is also affected by age. This study aimed to determine the average salivary flow rate and masticatory performance, as well as their correlation based on age in complete denture (CD) wearers at the Dental and Oral Hospital of Universitas Sumatera Utara. This research is a descriptive-analytic study with a cross-sectional design involving 20 respondents, consisting of 10 adults (aged 19–59 years) and 10 elderly individuals (aged ≥60 years). The salivary flow rate was measured using the spitting method with sugar-free chewing gum, and masticatory performance was assessed using the color-changeable chewing gum method and the Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Results showed that the average salivary flow rate in adults was 3.18 ± 0.91 ml/min, and in the elderly was 2.29 ± 1.29 ml/min. The average masticatory performance score in adults was 3.8 ± 1.14, and in the elderly was 3.4 ± 1.17. Spearman correlation test showed a significant correlation between salivary flow rate and masticatory performance in both adults (p=0.014) and the elderly (p=0.049). In conclusion, there is a significant relationship between salivary flow rate and masticatory performance based on age. Adult patients demonstrated better salivary flow rates and masticatory performance than elderly patients.

The aim of this study was to assess two patient-based outcomes of complete denture (CD) wearers who continued or discontinued using denture adhesive (DA) after one-month run-in period of DA use. This quasi-experimental study comprised 76 CD wearers. The two patient-based outcomes were oral health-related quality of life and masticatory performance, determined by the Thai-version of oral impacts on daily performances index and multiple sieve method of 20-stroke peanut mastication. Denture retention and stability were evaluated using the CU-modified Kapur criteria to classify the CD into acceptable or unacceptable quality. The outcomes were collected at 3 time points: 1) at baseline (T0), 2) after a 1-month run-in period of DA use (T1), at which time the participants decided whether to continue using DA, and 3) 1-month after continuing or discontinuing using DA (T2). Changes in the percentages of having an oral impact from T0 to T2 were evaluated using the McNemar's test. The effect of denture quality and the decision to use DA on peanut particle size across time points were assessed using repeated measures ANOVA. The peanut particle size changes in each group between time points were evaluated using the one-way repeated measures ANOVA and Tukey post-hoc comparison test. The participants who continued using DA at T2 had greater oral impact reduction after the 1-month run-in period of DA use, whereas cleaning and emotional impacts emerged in those who discontinued using DA. At T1 and T2, the peanut particle size of the participants who continued and discontinued using DA was not significantly changed from T0, except for the acceptable CD wearers who discontinued using DA at T2, whose peanut particle size decreased from T0 to T2. Baseline oral impacts and their change influenced CD wearers' decision whether to continue using DA. However, masticatory performance did not affect the patients' decision.

Dietary intake in edentulous subjects with good and poor quality complete dentures

Effect of denture adhesives on masticatory performance: Multicenter randomized controlled trial

Background:Following tooth extraction, alveolar ridge resorption, particularly in the mandible, is a chronic, progressive process that can extend beyond the alveolar ridge in severe cases. Research indicates that despite its dense structure, the mandibular ridge is highly susceptible to this type of resorption. This study aimed to evaluate mandibular ridge resorption following complete denture therapy over a six-month to one-year period, assessing changes at the masticatory centre and mental foramen. Differences between patients with complete dentures and those without were examined to determine whether denture fabrication impacts ridge resorption. Materials and Methods:The study was conducted over a five-year period at the Clinic for Removable Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, in Skopje. Sixty patients (32 men and 28 women), aged 51 to 70, participated and were divided into two groups: the first received complete dentures after an initial period of post-extraction bone healing, while the second did not receive dentures during this time. Results: Results demonstrated significantly lower resorption in denture-wearing patients, with a 4.3% resorption rate at the masticatory centre and 3.1% at the mental foramen, compared to 8.5% and 6.3% in the non-denture group, respectively (p < 0.01). This difference indicates that patients with complete dentures experience notably reduced mandibular ridge resorption compared to those without dentures. Conclusion: Our findings suggest that timely, well-fitting complete denture fabrication shortly after tooth extraction plays an essential role in slowing alveolar ridge resorption and preserving ridge height, with potential implications for improved patient outcomes based on cultural, social, and economic factors.

Differences in the effects of cream-type denture adhesives and home liners remain unclear. This cross-sectional study aimed to clarify the differences in the oral-hygiene status and masticatory performance between participants using cream-type denture adhesives and those using home liners. Masticatory performance with and without cream-type denture adhesives and home liners was evaluated using colour-changeable chewing gum. Oral hygiene was assessed using the tongue coating index (TCI). Propensity-score matching was performed using oral moisture, presence of palatal or mandibular protuberances, type of residual ridge, denture type (complete or partial denture), and denture retention as background factors. Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to examine the differences in masticatory performance with and without cream-type denture adhesives and home liners and differences in masticatory performance and TCI between the cream-type denture adhesive and home-liner groups. This study included 38 and 40 cream-type adhesive and home-liner users, respectively, and 17 pairs were obtained after propensity-score matching. The Wilcoxon signed-rank tests showed that masticatory performance was significantly different with and without the use of home liners, and higher values were obtained with the use of home-liners. However, the cream-type denture adhesive and home-liner groups showed no significant differences in terms of the change in masticatory performance with the use of them. Furthermore, Wilcoxon signed-rank tests showed that TCI values were significantly high in the cream-type adhesive group. The findings in this study suggest that home liners improve masticatory performance and that participants regularly using cream-type denture adhesives have poorer oral hygiene.

Masticatory performance of complete denture wearers after using two adhesives: A crossover randomized clinical trial