Relationship between a diagnosis of kidney failure and heart diseases in patients with hyperkalemia

Abstract

Objectives This study seeks to determine the association between kidney failure and heart diseases by examining how they influence the diagnosis of hyperkalemia. Methods We employ a fuzzy regression discontinuity design (RDD) by harnessing the inherent threshold in potassium levels, which serves as a diagnostic criterion for hyperkalemia. Simultaneously, we utilize patient diagnosis data related to kidney failure and heart diseases. This approach allows us to evaluate the causal impact of both diagnoses on hyperkalemia. Results Significant overall increases in the risk of developing hyperkalemia are evident subsequent to a diagnosis of kidney failure or heart disease. The study finds that the probability of receiving a kidney failure diagnosis increases by 11.2% regarding a cut-off of 6 mEq/L of potassium. In addition, there is a 6.8% likelihood of experiencing hyperkalemia in the case of a prior diagnosis of hypertension, and an 8.8% probability in the case of a diagnosis of depression. The findings remain robust when considering alternative parametric and non-parametric specifications as well as placebo tests. Conclusions This study provides new empirical insights into the causal impact of kidney failure and heart disease, underscoring the significance of monitoring such patients to prevent serious complications in the future.