Relationship among Health Related Quality of Life, Quality of Sleep, and Oral Health Condition

Miki Sato,Hiroko Sugimoto,Souichi Honda,Arisa Kurokawa,Yukari Shinohara,Daisuke Hinode,Yoshihiro Suzuki,Hiromi Nakae,Yuko Yasuhara,Hiroki Iga,Tetsuya Tanioka,Rozzano Locsin

doi:10.4236/health.2018.102017

Abstract

Japan’s aging rate (ratio of elderly aged 65 and older to total population) has exceeded 20%. The aim of this study was to clarify the relationships between Health Related Quality of Life, Body Mass Index (BMI), and sleep quality. Subjects were 51 adults over 55 years old with chronic disease who living in the community. Instruments and structured interviews were used giving due consideration to privacy. Interviews were conducted within 10 - 20 minutes at the out-patient department. The evaluation instruments included bodymass index, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Health Related Quality of Life (HRQOL), and Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14). A significant positive correlation (ρ = 0.321, p < 0.05) between PSQI and QOL (OHIP-14) scores was confirmed with sleep quality being lower with lower QOL scores. A negative correlation (ρ = ?0.339, p < 0.05) between physical health component summary scores (PCS) and mental health component summary scores (MCS) of HRQOL was confirmed, demonstrating that PCS was low, and the level of MCS was high. Sleep quality was found lower among those with lower oral health-related QOL scores. Moreover, in subjects with lower MCS scores, the PCS scores were found to be higher. Accordingly, it was considered appropriate that dental treatment and care, support the maintenance of activities and sleep, and mental health promotion which are likely requisites critical for elderly persons’ maintenance of independent lifestyles in their familiar community.

Highlights

According to a survey by the Cabinet Office of the Government of Japan, among the population in 2017, the elderly population of 65 years of age and over was 35 million, exceeding 27% of the total population in 2017 [1]
The aim of this study was to clarify the relationships between Health Related Quality of Life (HRQOL), Body Mass Index (BMI), and sleep quality
Since the overall population is declining due to the low birth rate, it is estimated that in 2065, one of every 2.6 people in Japan will be 65 years of age and older. It is necessary for more elderly people to be able to lead a happy and healthy life in the community by maintaining their quality of life (QOL), even if they are suffering from chronic diseases

Summary

Introduction

According to a survey by the Cabinet Office of the Government of Japan, among the population in 2017, the elderly population of 65 years of age and over was 35 million, exceeding 27% of the total population in 2017 [1]. Since the overall population is declining due to the low birth rate, it is estimated that in 2065, one of every 2.6 people in Japan will be 65 years of age and older. Against this background, it is necessary for more elderly people to be able to lead a happy and healthy life in the community by maintaining their quality of life (QOL), even if they are suffering from chronic diseases. In the elderly person, a decrease in the number of existing teeth due to aging causes a decline in chewing ability, which in turn leads to a decrease in nutrient intake [4] [5]. Associations between chewing ability with activities of daily living (ADL) [6], cognitive function [7], and QOL [8] [9] have been reported

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