Relations parents-adolescents autour des automutilations : une étude qualitative

Abstract

ObjectivesNon-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) is a frequent issue during adolescence responsible for many difficulties in the relationship between parents and adolescents. This study explores the function of self-harm in parent-adolescent relationships. MethodsThis is a qualitative study based on semi-structured interviews with adolescents, who are receiving psychiatric care for DSH (deliberate self harm), and their parents. Data are analysed using the Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis. ResultsTwenty-five interviews were carried out with 11 adolescents and 14 parents. Ten themes were organized around three super-ordinate themes. The relationship difficulties between parents and adolescents are marked by the lack of communication, fragile links and great difficulty to trust one another. The discovery of DSH behaviour by the parents triggers an emotional turmoil described as an extremely violent experience associated with very painful feelings. Finally, parents describe a change in the family dynamics induced by DSH. These changes are perceptible through a movement of independence and regaining of the control from the adolescent, and a wish for mutual protection of adolescents and their parents. Including parents more in the therapeutic care, both as an impacted person and at the same time as a co therapist, appears to be indispensable.