Relations of phenometrical indices of apple fruits with weather variation in the assortment of varieties of an apple gene bank

L Lakatos,Z Sun,M Soltész,T Szabó,Z Szabó,J Nyéki

doi:10.31421/ijhs/18/2/1045

Abstract

The purpose of phenometry is to examine the measurable parameters of the plants in order to follow up the consequences of weather processes. We should fi nd the reasons, why the diameter of fruits grows larger in one season and smaller in the next. Variation may occur as a response to insuffi cient provision of water or nutrients, but also because of pathological effects and of extremely high or low temperatures, moreover, of extraordinary heavy fruit load. There are phenometrical characteristics, which consider the fi nal consequences (density of fl owers, fruits set, drop of fruits), whereas other parameters could be followed up (size, length and width of fruits) as the dynamic components of growth. The quantitative parameters of growth are functionally related to each other, where the weather conditions, soil humidity and nutrients are on the input side, thus it is possible to model the growth of fruits as a function of the environment. Initially, the relations between the main weather variables and the phenometrical data have to be cleared. In the present study, the interactions between the mentioned phenomena are presented and numerically defi ned.

Highlights

All equivalents of precipitation increase substantially, the optimum included because evaporation from the soil as well as from the leaves increase the water requirement, the transpiration
In autumn- and winter-ripe varieties, the correlation between the sum of minimum temperatures of the period of development and number of seeds per fruit was significant with p=0.1% odds (Table 8)
The circumference of trunks was most subject to the sum of means of daily minimum temperatures on the level of p=0.1% odds in winter-ripe varieties (Figure 9)

Summary

Introduction

The sum of temperature during this period is in the case of apple varieties ripening during the winter, significantly related to the load of fruits (density of fruits) (Figure 1). Relation between fruit density and the sum of temperature during the period from bloom to maturity in different groups of varieties In summer-ripe varieties the correlation between fruit yield (kg) and mean of daily temperature minima (C°) of the period of development was significant at p=5% odds.

Results

Conclusion