Abstract

In the early 1920s, famine in the Lower Volga region, especially the newly formed Kalmyk Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic (ASSR), created the extreme conditions that led to request for aid from the Mongolian government. As documented in Mongolian archives, the government responded with financial aid and generous offers of Kalmyk resettlement to Mongolia. However, the USSR government rejected massive resettlement, caused officials involved in the aid program to be arrested, and downplayed the extent of the famine.

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