Relations Between Egypt and Mesopotamia From Prehistoric Times To the End of the Middle Kingdom1)

Abstract

I will begin with the only definite link I can find between Egypt and Mesopotamia for this entire period 2). In a tomb of the First Intermediate Period at Helwan, a very distinctive type of metal axe was discovered. This is an anchor axe, of which only a few examples have been found in the Near East 3). One example comes from Ur, probably of the Akkadian Period 4), another was found at Byblos 5) and still another from Syria of unknown provenance 6).