Abstract
The reliability of crystalline silicon (c-Si) photovoltaic modules has a strong dependence on the silver (Ag) electrode solderability. To achieve desirable soldering, the reaction that occurs between Ag electrode and solder (Sn/Pb alloy) need to be comprehensively understood and elaborately controlled. In this article, the correlation of Ag electrode soldering states with intermetallic compound (Ag3Sn) growth was discussed. It was found that the reaction dynamics of Ag electrode and solder was closely associated with the glass frit in Ag paste. Here taken for exemplification were three kinds of V–B–Si oxide glass frit, which led to diverse soldering states for the Ag electrode, e.g. inveracious soldering, appropriate soldering and over-soldering, owing to their different affection on the Ag3Sn growth rate. The effect of glass frit on the Ag3Sn growth was addressed from the aspects of glass phase transition temperature, distribution of glass phase in electrode, and reaction between glass and solder. In addition, it was also demonstrated that the amount of glass frit added in Ag paste might impose significant affection on the solderability of the sintered electrode.
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