Relation of Increasing QRS Duration Over Time and Cardiovascular Events in Outpatients With Heart Failure

Abstract

An increase in the duration of the QRS complex over time has been shown to be associated with poor clinical outcomes in specific subgroups of heart failure (HF) patients. There is a paucity of data on the clinical impact of increasing QRS duration on outcomes in HF with narrow QRS duration. This was a retrospective study of consecutive adult referrals to a tertiary outpatient HF clinic over a 2-year period. All patients with a narrow QRS, (<130 ms) were included. The primary outcome was mortality. Secondary outcomes were HF hospitalization and a composite of HF hospitalization, implantation of cardiac resynchronization therapy or left ventricular assist device and cardiac transplant. A total of 253 patients with 2 or more QRS measurments were included. Death occurred in 41 patients (16%), 258 HF hospitalizations occurred in 116 patients (46%) and the composite occurred in 127 patients (50%). Multivariable analyses found that a rate of QRS duration change of ≥1 ms/month was independently associated with increased mortality (odds ratio [OR] 2.26, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.04 to 4.91), HF hospitalization (relative risk [RR] 2.01, 95% CI 1.37 to 2.94), and the composite (OR 2.40, 95%CI 1.44 to 4.02). A new QRS >130 ms was also independently associated with mortality (OR 3.27, 95%CI 1.29-8.32), HF hospitalization (RR 2.75, 95% CI 1.72 to 4.4) and the composite (OR 2.52, 95%CI 1.27 to 4.99). In conclusion, in patients with HF and a narrow baseline QRS, an increase in QRS duration of ≥1 ms per month is associated with increased mortality and HF hospitalization. HF patients may benefit from serial monitoring of QRS duration.