Abstract
An association between alcohol/tobacco use and risk of metastasis in breast cancer has been clearly shown. The present study explored, in 48 samples of tissue from mammary ductal carcinoma (taken from Mexican women with an average age of 58.2±10.9 years), the association of risk of metastasis with the status of hormonal receptors and the c-erbB2 protein (by immunohistochemistry) as well as clinical, histopathological and sociodemographic factors. Of 48 patients, 41.6% (20/48) presented with metastasis, 43.8% were positive for the estrogen receptor (RE+), 31.3% for the progesterone receptor (RP+) and 47.7% for c-erbB2 (c-erbB2+). The following combinations were found: RE+/RP+/c-erbB2+ 8.3%, RE+/RP+ 22.9%, RE+/RP- 20.8%, RE-/RP+ 8.3%, RE-/RP-/c-erbB2- 22.9% and RE-/RP- 47.8%. There were 12 patients who used alcohol/tobacco, of which 91.6% did not present metastasis and 81.9% were RE-/RP-. Compared to the RE-/RP-/c-erbB2+, the RE+/RP+/c-erbB2+ group had a 15-fold greater risk for metastasis (95%CI, 0.9-228.8, p=0.05). The carriers of the double negative hormonal receptors had a 4.7 fold greater probability of being (or having been) smokers or drinkers (95%CI, 1.0-20.4, p = 0.03). There was a clear protective effect of using alcohol and/or tobacco, in the cases included in the present study of mammary ductal carcinoma, associated with double negative hormonal receptors. However, this association could be due to a protective factor not measured (Neyman bias) or to a bias inherent in the rate of hospitalization (Berkson fallacy). This question should be explored in a broad prospective longitudinal study.
Highlights
Materials and Methods: The present study explored, in 48 samples of tissue from mammary ductal carcinoma, the association of risk of metastasis with the status of hormonal receptors and the c-erbB2 protein as well as clinical, histopathological and sociodemographic factors
The incidence of breast cancer (BCa) has increased in Mexico during last one decade, especially among older women, while the downturn observed in mortality mainly reflects improved survival as a result of earlier diagnosis and better cancer treatment (Anaya-Ruiz et al, 2014) and multiples dietary factors such as soy food, fish and fruit consumption, dairy products, health status indicators, academic education, and some diseases like diabetes mellitus can affect the BCa incidence, the results of ecologic studies like this must naturally be interpreted with caution (Abbastabar et al, 2013; Liu et al, 2014a)
Beasley et al (2010) in Mexico followed the line of research begun by Lajous et al (2006), and confirmed that alcohol consumption is associated with lower levels of folates, which in turn increases the risk of breast cancer (Lajous et al, 2006; Beasley et al, 2010)
Summary
Relation of Alcohol/Tobacco use with Metastasis, Hormonal (Estrogen and Progesterone) Receptor Status and c-erbB2 Protein in Mammary Ductal Carcinoma. Saúl Renan Leon-Hernandez, Eleazar Lara Padilla, Alfredo Cortes Algara, Noemi Cardenas Rodriguez, Esaú Floriano Sanchez, Jaime Lopez Cruz, Cesar Miguel Mejia Barradas, Cindy Bandala1,2*
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