Relation between Weight Status, Physical activity, Maturation, and Functional Movement in Adolescence: An Overview.

Josip Karuc,Marjeta Mišigoj-Duraković

doi:10.3390/jfmk4020031

Josip Karuc, Marjeta Mišigoj-Duraković

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/jfmk4020031

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Abstract

Obesity, low level of physical activity and dysfunctional movement patterns presents one of the leading health issues that can contribute to increased risk for developing not only metabolic and cardiovascular disease, but also musculoskeletal problems. The aim of this paper is to summarize literature and evidence about relationship between functional movement (FM) patterns, physical activity (PA) level and weight status in average adolescent population. In addition, this paper summarized current evidence about relations between maturation effects and functional movement among athletic adolescent populations. Summary of current evidence suggests that decreased physical activity level is negatively correlated to functional movement in adolescence. Additionally, most studies suggest that weight status is negatively correlated to functional movement patterns although there is conflicting evidence in this area. Evidence consistently showed that overweight and obese adolescents exhibit poorer functional movement compared to normal weight adolescents. In addition, it appears that maturation has effects on functional movement in athletic populations of adolescents. It is therefore important that practitioners consider interventions which develop optimal functional movement alongside physical activity and weight management strategies in children, in order to reduce the risks of injuries and pathological abnormality arising from suboptimal movement patterns in later life.

Highlights

According to WHO, obesity has tripled since 1975 and represents one of the leading world health problems [1]
Studies were categorized into three distinct areas: (1) functional movement in the average adolescent population and exercise intervention aimed to improve functional movement outcomes, (2) physical activity, weight status and functional movement among the adolescent population and (3) maturation and functional movement among the athletic population of adolescents
Summary of current evidence suggests that decreased physical activity level is negatively correlated to functional movement in adolescence

Summary

Introduction

According to WHO, obesity has tripled since 1975 and represents one of the leading world health problems [1]. Along with the obesity and overweight, low level of physical activity (PA) puts overweight children at a higher risk for developing noncommunicable diseases. PA level is important for health of the locomotor system and represents a quantitative measure of human movement, due to importance of locomotor health, qualitative aspects of movement need to be considered as well. Dysfunctional movement patterns present low level of quality of FM and can be related to injury incidence and endanger musculoskeletal (MSK) health and can contribute to developing degenerative changes in adulthood. Obesity, low level of PA, and dysfunctional movement, can contribute to even more increased risk for developing metabolic and cardiovascular disease, and MSK problems in adulthood. Literature about mutual adverse effects of dysfunctional movement on mentioned variables need to be considered in order to provide practical information for professionals in the field of kinesiology, medicine, and related areas

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