Relation Between the Viral Load Accumulation of Southern Rice Black-Streaked Dwarf Virus and the Different Developmental Stages of Sogatella furcifera (Hemiptera: Delphacidae).

Abstract

The white-backed planthopper, Sogatella furcifera (Horvath), is currently the only confirmed vector of Southern rice black-streaked dwarf virus (SRBSDV), which causes severe rice production losses in China. In this study, an absolute quantification qPCR method was used to detect viral gene mRNA expression levels at different developmental stages of white-backed planthoppers fed SRBSDV-infected rice plants. A comparison of viral copy numbers of the SRBSDV S10 gene at the same developmental stage indicated that the white-backed planthopper had higher viral copy numbers when the virus was acquired at the earlier developmental stages. The adult-stage white-backed planthoppers that had acquired the virus at the first-second nymphal stage displayed significantly higher viral titers than white-backed planthoppers that acquired the virus at the third-fourth nymphal stage, at the fifth nymphal stage, and at the adult stage. The fifth nymphal stage white-backed planthoppers that acquired the virus at the first-second nymphal stage displayed higher viral copy numbers than fifth nymphal stage white-backed planthoppers that acquired the virus at the third-fourth nymphal stage and at the fifth nymphal stage. The highest viral load value appeared in the middle adult stage. The annual immigration characteristics of white-backed planthoppers would be beneficial for the dispersal of SRBSDV because this virus could be transmitted far away following the migration of vigorous planthoppers. Therefore, investigating the change in the viral load at different life stages of SRBSDV-positive individuals is required to develop more effective control of the spread of SRBSDV in the field.