Abstract
High frequency ultrasound (500 kHz) was shown to have very interesting effects on PPy elaborated with various counter-ions: perchlorate (ClO 4 −), p-toluenesulfonate (TS −) and molybdate (MoO 4 2−). Changes in polymer growth for sonicated films were highlighted by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) while Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed thinner and more homogeneous surface structure for PPy elaborated under ultrasound. Mobility of ions within PPy films was studied by electrochemical techniques, sonicated PPy seems to have much denser and more compact structure than silent one's. Specific electrochemical behavior was evidenced for sonicated PPy/MoO 4 2− as well as unique ions reparation within the organic matrix, thanks to Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectroscopy (GDOES). This technique was used in original manner to study presence and repartition of doping ions in the film. X-Ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) analyses showed an increase in doping level for sonicated PPy but electrical conductivity measurements let appear a decrease in conductivity for PPy elaborated under sonication.
Highlights
Materials such as conducting polymers (CPs), which combine polymer properties to good electrical conductivity, have been extensively investigated for the last 30 years
We showed that high frequency ultrasound leads to thinner and more homogeneous surface structure for PEDOT and PPy films elaborated on various substrates [27,28,29,30]
Electrochemical measurements were carried out using a PGZ301 potentiostat and a classical three-electrode setup consisting of a saturated calomel reference electrode (SCE), a platinum counterelectrode and a Fluorine Tin Oxide (FTO) working electrode on which polypyrrole is deposited
Summary
Materials such as conducting polymers (CPs), which combine polymer properties to good electrical conductivity, have been extensively investigated for the last 30 years. Use of magnetic field [13,14] or centrifugation [15] leads to changes in structural and electrochemical properties of polymer deposits. Ultrasound showed interesting effects on electropolymerization and on properties of synthesized CPs. Previous works showed that low frequency ultrasound (20 kHz) leads to denser, more resistant and conducting polymer films, with a thinner and more homogeneous surface structure [20,21,22,23]. We showed that high frequency ultrasound leads to thinner and more homogeneous surface structure for PEDOT and PPy films elaborated on various substrates [27,28,29,30]. It strongly depended on the used substrate and the films’ thickness This present contribution means to deeper study the effects of high frequency ultrasound on PPy electrodeposition. Doping levels and electrical conductivities of PPy doped with different counter-ions are evaluated and results are discussed
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