Abstract
BackgroundFlexibility during bending is a critical feature that influences the performance and safety of endodontic nickel-titanium rotary instruments. Flexibility of the endodontic files could be assessed via laboratory test or indicated theoretically by finite element analysis (FEA). The aim of the study is to determine the cantilever load required for bending five different nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments (laboratory test) and to calculate maximum von Mises stresses due to bending moment and vertical displacement (deflection) (theoretically by FEA) and compare both results.ResultsTF Adaptive file demonstrates the least cantilever load required for bending, the least von Mises stresses generated and the highest deflection of the endodontic files. Contrary, One Shape file reported the highest cantilever load required for bending, the highest von Mises stresses generated and the least deflection among all the tested endodontic files.ConclusionThe finite element analysis validated the results of the laboratory cantilever bending test for the examined nickel-titanium rotary instruments.
Highlights
Flexibility during bending is a critical feature that influences the performance and safety of endodontic nickel-titanium rotary instruments
Laboratory cantilever bending test Statistical analysis of mean and standard deviation values of the cantilever bending test measured by calculation of the required load to bend the NiTi endodontic instruments to 45° is presented in Table 2 and Fig. 2
The laboratory finding of the tested endodontic instrument revealed that the TF Adaptive required the least load for cantilever bending (86 g), while the One Shape needed the maximum load for cantilever bending (174 g)
Summary
Flexibility during bending is a critical feature that influences the performance and safety of endodontic nickel-titanium rotary instruments. The aim of the study is to determine the cantilever load required for bending five different nickel-titanium (NiTi) rotary instruments (laboratory test) and to calculate maximum von Mises stresses due to bending moment and vertical displacement (deflection) (theoretically by FEA) and compare both results. Flexibility during bending and fracture resistance are crucial properties affecting the performance and longevity of the ideal nickel-titanium (NiTi) endodontic rotary instruments (He and Ni 2010; Arbab-Chirani et al 2011). Using a flexible NiTi rotary instruments permits their bending ability inside curved canals with minimal load creation. It influences the possibility of endodontic file separation (Fukumori et al 2018). Modifications of the flexibility of the NiTi endodontic rotary instruments depend greatly on their metallurgical composition, fabrication procedure, manufacturing treatment, and geometrical design
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