Abstract
The simulation of hadronic interactions is of fundamental importance for the analysis of extensive air showers. The details of the relation between the measurement of hadronic interactions at accelerators and the impact on the air shower development is very difficult to evaluate. Several possibilities to study this relation are presented here.
Highlights
The most difficult observable to simulate in extensive air showers at this moment is the muon content
Various possibilities have been suggested to increase the number of muons in air shower simulations, so far no consistent description could be identified that yields muon numbers as large or even larger than found in nature
While the longitudinal development is determined by the few highest energy collisions, the muon content, on the other hand, requires the complete understanding of the hadronic cascades from the highest energies down to GeV level
Summary
The most difficult observable to simulate in extensive air showers at this moment is the muon content. There must be a so far unidentified mechanism in extensive air showers to yield these large fraction of muons. Since muons are produced mainly by decays of hadrons, the source of the problem will be related to the production of hadrons in the showers at very high energies. Many such possible scenarios have been tested using air shower simulations in the past [3,4,5,6]. It is found that it is possible to modify the muon production, the quest for a consistent model, or parameter-set for a model, is still open
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