RELATION BETWEEN APOLIPOPROTEIN E GENE POLYMORPHISM AND LIPID SPECTRUM IN HYPERTENSIVE PATIENTS

Abstract

Objective: To study the relationship between apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism and lipid spectrum modification in hypertensive patients. Design and method: We examined 310 hypertensive patients (177 males and 133 females) ages 56,11 ± 0,68 years and history duration 6,51 ± 0,48 years, who were administrated with any antihypertensive components and no any specific lipid-lowering medications. According to office blood pressure measurement the average brachial value was 141,33 ± 1,34/87,62 ± 0,79 mmHg. The lipid spectrum components and apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism were assessed using automatic clinical biochemical analyzer «Cobas c311» and amplifier for single nucleotide polymorphism identification «Thermal Cycler CFX96TM Real-Time PCR Detection Systems» accordingly. Statistical data were presented like mean ± standard error and 95% confidence interval. Statistically significant difference was considered in case of P < 0,05. Results: The average values of total cholesterol, high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) and very low density lipoproteins (VLDL), triglycerides and indices of atherogenicity was 5,18 ± 0,08 mmol/l [5,02–5,34], 1,32 ± 0,03 mmol/l [1,27–1,37], 3,06 ± 0,07 mmol/l [2,92–3,2], 0,79 ± 0,02 mmol/l [0,75–0,83], 1,74 ± 0,05 mmol/l [1,64–1,83] and 3,21 ± 0,08 [3,05–3,38] respectively. Apolipoprotein E polymorphism was presented with alleles E2 (n = 41, 13,26%), E3 (n = 291, 93,87%) and E4 (n = 95, 30,65%) as well. Based on single nucleotide polymorphism identification there were defined next variants of genotypes: E2/E2- rarest of all genotypes (n = 2, 0,65%), E2/E3 (n = 34, 10,97%), E2/E4 (n = 5, 1,61%), E3/E3 (n = 179, 57,74%), E3/E4 (n = 78, 25,16%) and E4/E4 (n = 12, 3,87%). This way, it was found the domination of homozygous variants (n = 193, 62,26%). Besides that, overwhelming majority of them had both E3 allele and, as a result, E3/E3 genotype (n = 179, 92,75%). More over, this trend was independent of age and gender affiliation, but full spectrum of genotypes was inherent only for elderly patients (n = 105, 33,87%). Conclusions: The course of arterial hypertension reflects the mild degree of activity (isolated systolic hypertension) of the disease. Arterial hypertension associated with mixed-dyslipidemia (type 2b). Apolipoprotein E gene polymorphism is characterized by a wide range of alleles and genotypes among the hypertensive population. In hypertensive subjects the most common allele is E3 as well as genotype – is E3/E3 (opposite to E3/E4 in case of heterozygous variant).