Abstract
Parents may positively influence children’s vegetable consumption through effective vegetable parenting practices (VPP). Research has demonstrated three dimensions of effective VPP: Effective Responsiveness, Structure, and Non-Directive Control, but there is limited research investigating each separately. This study presents the modeling of Effective Responsive, Structure, and Non-Directive Control VPP using constructs from the Model of Goal Directed Vegetable Parenting Practices (MGDVPP). Parents (n=307) completed a survey on demographics, MGDVPP constructs, and effective VPP. Block regression modeling tested three models: one for each dimension of effective VPP as the dependent variable. Independent variables included validated subscales representing MGDVPP constructs: Intention, Desire, Perceived Barriers, Autonomy, Relatedness, Self-Efficacy, Habit, Anticipated Emotions, Perceived Behavioral Control, Attitudes, and Norms. Participants were racially diverse, and a majority was female, of higher socioeconomic status, and with a male child. Effective Responsive VPP was positively related to a Habit subscale. Effective Structure VPP was positively related to a Barrier, two Habit, and an Attitude subscales. Effective Non-Directive Control VPP was positively related to being a high school or GED graduate, having younger children, a Habit, and two Intentions subscales, and negatively related to an Intentions and a Perceived Behavioral Control subscales. The adjusted R2 for the Effective Responsive, Structure, and Non-Directive Control VPP models were 0.432, 0.310, and 0.515, respectively. This was the first study to relate constructs from a theoretical model to effective VPP dimensions. Research is needed to longitudinally assess the MGDVPP and test its utility in vegetable-related interventions.
Highlights
IntroductionAs rich sources of nutrients, dietary fiber, and phytochemicals [1], vegetables help prevent cardiovascular disease, diabetes, multiple cancers, and obesity in adults [2,3,4,5,6,7,8]
Vegetables are an important part of a healthy diet
When only one factor was extracted, the results showed that only 9.53% of the variance for Effective Responsive vegetable parenting practices (VPP), 9.71% for Effective Structure VPP, and 9.77% for Effective Non-Directive
Summary
As rich sources of nutrients, dietary fiber, and phytochemicals [1], vegetables help prevent cardiovascular disease, diabetes, multiple cancers, and obesity in adults [2,3,4,5,6,7,8]. Establishing vegetable consumption in early childhood is important because dietary habits track from childhood through adulthood [9,10,11]. Parents play an important role in influencing a child’s vegetable preferences and consumption [12], especially through their parenting practices [13,14,15]. Food-related parenting practices refer to those behaviors parents use to influence a child’s food intake and have been conceptualized in three dimensions: structure, control (demandingness), and warmth (responsiveness) [16]. A factor analysis of items related to vegetable parenting practices (VPP)
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