Relasi Islam dan Politik Di Indonesia (Perdebatan Seputar Ideologi dan Konstitusi Negara Indonesia Merdeka)

Abstract

Islam and Politic have interrelationships. It consists of fungtional Islam and politics is a unity that can not be separated. Islam and politics have correlation functional; Islam requires political support, while political needs of moral and ethics of Islam. The relationship between Islam and politics can be viewed from two aspects. Firstly, there are several doctrines aspect, phrase of Qur'an which is often interpreted as a political concept referring to Islam. Second, social reality. Having been Hijrah Year 622 H., Prophet Muhammad Saw., has formed Government of Madinah through a political contract with residents of city of Madinah, consisting of Jewish, Islamic, and Arabian community who still adhere to traditions and ignorance. The political contract is defined into a shahifah, and then it is known ‘Madinah Charter’. At time, a small Committee was formed which compromises between nasinalism and Islam to stem various differences between Islamic and secular nationalists in BPUPKI who designed Preamble and Declaration of independence day of Indonesia. This small Committee is managed to formulate script 'Jakarta Charter'. In essence, Charter affirms Pancasila as ground state with addition of a sentence on sila of Godhead to be: believe in God with obligation of running Islamic jurisprudence for hangers. The next compromise occurred on August 18 th 1945, changing clause of divinity with obligation of running Islamic jurisprudence for hangers which becomes the divinity of one true God.