Abstract
Abstract Increasing attention has been paid to rechargeable aqueous batteries due to their high safety and low cost. However, they remain in their infancy because of the limited choice of available anode materials with high specific capacity and satisfying cycling performance. Bi metal with layered structure can act as an ideal anode material with high capacity; however, the energy storage mechanism has not well elucidated. Herein, we demonstrate that Bi metal enables affording ultra-high specific capacity (254.3 mAh g−1), superior rate capability and a capacity retention of 88.8% after 1600 cycles. Different from the previously-reported redox reaction mechanisms of Bi electrode, efficient (de)alloying of K+ is responsible for its excellent performance. An excellent aqueous Bi battery is fabricated by matching Bi anode with Co(OH)2 cathode in KOH (1 M) electrolyte. Its outstanding performance is quite adequate and competitive for electrochemical energy storage devices.
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