Abstract
The evolution of the universe started from a hot and dense Big Bang point. Temperature fluctuation map of cosmic microwave background (CMB) radiation and initial seeds of large scale structures (LSS) are explained by an inflationary period in a very early time. Inflaton as quanta of the inflation field is responsible for the accelerated expansion of the universe. Potentials of the self-interacting single field models are constrained by observational data as well as quantum gravity. Some forms of the potential are rolled out by data of Planck satellite and some of them by quantum gravity constraints. In the standard model of inflation or cold inflation firstly universe expands where the inflaton rolls the nearly flat part of the potential and in the second part, the universe reheats where the inflaton oscillates around the minimum of the potential which leads to thermalized radiation dominated universe. String theory as the best model of quantum gravity forbids the oscillation around the minimum of the potential during the thermalized epoch of the reheating. But in the warm model of inflation thermalization happens during the accelerated expansion of the universe where the inflaton rolls nearly steep potential and the universe will be radiation dominated without any separated reheating epoch.
Highlights
The theory of string suggests a vast of the landscape of vacua which are surrounded by maybe bigger swampland low-energy-looking-consistent semi-classical effective field theories (EFT) coupled to gravity
Known or hypothetical early universe models of cosmology have been discussed by quantum field theories which are coupled to gravity
Potentials (4.1) and (4.2) are explicitly in contrast with the second part of second swampland conjecture which is about the condition of the potential form of the EFT
Summary
The theory of string suggests a vast of the landscape of vacua which are surrounded by maybe bigger swampland low-energy-looking-consistent semi-classical effective field theories (EFT) coupled to gravity. The EFTs are physically consistent with the quantum theory of gravity if:. Where φ is excursion of the scalar fields in the field space, and:. Where V (φ) is the potential of low-energy EFT, ci ∼ O(1) are universal constants and min(∇i∇jV (φ) is defined in an orthonormal frame as Hessian eigenvalue minimum [7, 9]. The second case in eq (2.2) is refined de Sitter swampland conjecture [8, 10]. We will examine EFT of reheating epoch, after the slow-roll expansion of the universe, in the context of the string swampland conjecture
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