REHABILITATION WITH OBTURATOR PROSTHESES IN PATIENTS AFTER MAXILLECTOMY: An integrative literature review

Abstract

Maxillectomy is used for the removal of neoplastic tissues in the maxilla and adjacent regions. Defects in the maxilla resulting from this surgical approach generally lead to physical dysfunctions and compromise oral function, including problems with chewing, swallowing, and speech, as well as aesthetic impairments. To minimize the sequelae of maxillectomized patients, the fabrication of obturator prostheses is advocated to block communication between the oral and nasal cavities, enabling functional and aesthetic recovery. This study aims to present an integrative literature review on rehabilitation with obturator prostheses after maxillectomy. The literature search included PubMed, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System Online, ScienceDirect, and the Scientific Electronic Library Online, using a combination of the MeSH terms "Palatal Obturators," "Oral Cancer," and "Oral Rehabilitation." Studies suggest that the greater the tissue destruction, the worse the prognosis, due to greater difficulty in sealing and retaining obturator prostheses, as well as aesthetically unfavorable outcomes. Modified prostheses have superior results in terms of retention, stability, and sealing compared to conventional ones. The use of obturator prostheses is considered an effective treatment option for patients undergoing maxillectomy, as it can restore chewing and speech functions, as well as acceptable aesthetics, contributing to an improvement in quality of life. The importance of the appropriate professional approach from the beginning of treatment is emphasized, considering long-term planning and follow-up ideally.