Rehabilitating the canine shoulder: a practical guide

Abstract

This is the first in a series of practical guides to rehabilitation of the shoulder, elbow, hip, stifle and spine of the dog. This article looks at the shoulder joint, including a brief overview of the functional anatomy and assessment for common conditions followed by a more in-depth focus, forming a practical guide on rehabilitating the shoulder following injury or surgery, or for the management of long-term conditions affecting the joint.