Abstract
The identification of stem cells and growth factors as well as the development of biomaterials hold great promise for regenerative medicine applications. However, the therapeutic efficacy of regenerative therapies can be greatly influenced by the host immune system, which plays a pivotal role during tissue repair and regeneration. Therefore, understanding how the immune system modulates tissue healing is critical to design efficient regenerative strategies. While the innate immune system is well known to be involved in the tissue healing process, the adaptive immune system has recently emerged as a key player. T-cells, in particular, regulatory T-cells (Treg), have been shown to promote repair and regeneration of various organ systems. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms by which Treg participate in the repair and regeneration of skeletal and heart muscle, skin, lung, bone, and the central nervous system.
Highlights
The global number of individuals suffering from organ dysfunction as a result of acute injuries, chronic disorders, or aging has been on the rise and inadvertently places a high demand for organ transplantation
Imperative to understand how tissue healing is controlled by the immune system and harnessing the endogenous regenerative capacity has recently become an active area of research
We focus on the role of regulatory T-cells (Treg)
Summary
The global number of individuals suffering from organ dysfunction as a result of acute injuries, chronic disorders, or aging has been on the rise and inadvertently places a high demand for organ transplantation. Treg Regulate Repair and Regeneration tissue-resident immune cells trigger an inflammatory response, which result in the recruitment of various immune cells. The role of the various immune cells and their subsets as well as the mechanisms by which they regulate tissue healing remain largely elusive. It is, imperative to understand how tissue healing is controlled by the immune system and harnessing the endogenous regenerative capacity has recently become an active area of research. Since immune cells regulate both fibrosis and angiogenesis during tissue healing, targeting the immune system to promote neoangiogenesis with minimal fibrosis would be an interesting approach to stimulate regeneration. We focus on the role of regulatory T-cells (Treg)
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