Abstract
CD39 is the rate-limiting enzyme for the molecular signal cascade leading to the generation of ADPand adenosine monophosphate (AMP). In conjunction with CD73, CD39 converts adenosine triphosphate (ATP) to ADPand AMP, which leads to the accumulation of immunosuppressive adenosine in the tumor microenvironment. This review focuses on the role of CD39 and CD73in immune response and malignant progression, including the expression of CD39 within the tumor microenvironment and its relationship to immune effector cells, and its role in antigen presentation. The role of CD39- and CD73-targeting therapeutics and cancer-directed clinical trials investigating CD39 modulationare also explored.
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