Regulatory Requirements and Innovation: A Comparison of the Dermatologic Antifungal Drug Product Markets in Brazil and United States

Abstract

Development of novel dermatological topical products for the treatment of cutaneous fungal infections is a constant necessity, especially in developing countries. Through public health policies, many developing countries have facilitated in the last decades the entry of generic products, which can be superficially seen as a threat to innovation. To verify whether regulatory requirements, or the waiving of some requirements, could have an impact on innovation, we performed a detailed technical comparison of the dermatologic antifungal markets of Brazil and of the United States, taking Brazil as an example of a developing country with more lenient requirements regarding the registration of generic topical drug products. The official databank of ANVISA (DATAVISA) and of US Food and Drug Administration (Orange Book) were assessed for valid topical dermatological antifungal drug products registered. The Brazilian market has a greater number of registered drug products encompassing a greater variety of drug substances than the US, but the latter comprises more products with novel technologies. In both countries, cream was the predominant dosage form and imidazoles were the major substance group. Ketoconazole was the lead active substance in Brazil and ciclopirox was the lead drug in the US. Generic products dominated both markets. Despite the great number of registered products, the Brazilian market lacks the latest technologies, reflecting that the ease of generics registration is not accompanied by innovation.