Abstract
Abstract According to Swiss Law the producers of radioactive waste are responsible for management and safe disposal of all types of radioactive waste. Therefore, in 1972, the electricity utilities involved in nuclear power production formed the National Cooperative for the Disposal of Radioactive Waste (NAGRA) which is responsible for final disposal and related work. The general disposal strategy includes two repository siting programmes, a deep repository for high-level waste in Northern Switzerland (crystalline basement or Opalinus claystone) and a repository with horizontal access for low- and intermediate-level waste in the Alps (marls and shales of the Wellenberg-site). The safety of waste disposal is assessed on the basis of specific protection objectives formulated by the Swiss regulatory authority. The protection objectives limit the annual dose equivalent or the radiological risk to an individual and they require that post-closure safety must not depend on long-term monitoring or any other interventions to ensure safety. After a final repository has been sealed, it must be possible to dispense with safety and surveillance measures.
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