Abstract
Melanin in human skin is synthesized in the melanosomes of melanocytes,and there are many modes of regulation of melanogenesis,such as transcriptional regulation,regulation by intracellular signaling pathway,feedback regulation by products,and other positive(stimulation)or negative(inhibitory)regulation by nuclear receptors and cytokines.During the process of melanogenesis,microphthalmia transcription factor(MITF)plays a fundamental role in the regulation of tyrosinases and other tyrosinase-related proteins,with cyclic adenosine monophosphate/protein kinase A(cAMP/PKA)pathway,mitogen-activated protein kinase(MAPK)pathway,nitric oxide/cyclic guanosine monophosphate/protein kinase G(NO/cGMP/PKG)pathway and diacylglycerol/protein kinase C(DG/PKC)pathway as the four major intracellular signaling pathways.Some molecules and their receptors play positive(stimulating)roles in melanogenesis,such as G protein-coupled receptors and their ligands,stem cell growth factor and its receptor,nuclear receptors and their ligands,while some molecules and receptors play negative(inhibiting)roles,such as the Agouti signaling protein and its receptor,G protein-coupled receptors and their ligands,as well as cytokines,growth factors and their receptors. Key words: Melanins; Genes,regulator; Monophenol monooxygenase
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