Abstract
Anthocyanins contribute to the quality and flavour of fruits. They are produced through the phenylpropanoid pathway, which is regulated by specific key genes that have been identified in many species. The dominant anthocyanin forms are reversibly transformed at different pH states, thus forming different colours in aqueous solutions. In plants, anthocyanins are controlled by specific factors of the biosynthetic pathway: light, temperature, phytohormones and transcription factors. Although great progress in research on anthocyanin structures and the regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis has been made, the molecular regulatory mechanisms of anthocyanin biosynthesis in different plants remain less clear. In addition, the co-regulation of anthocyanin biosynthesis is poorly understood. In this review, we summarise previous findings on anthocyanin biosynthesis, including the biochemical and biological features of anthocyanins; differences in anthocyanin biosynthesis among fruit species, i.e., apple, red pear, and the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana; and the developmental and environmental regulation of anthocyanin accumulation. This review reveals the molecular mechanisms underlying anthocyanin biosynthesis in different plant species and provides valuable information for the development of anthocyanin-rich red-skinned and red-fleshed apple and pear varieties.
Highlights
The accumulation of different pigmentations affects the growth, development and reproduction of plants under various conditions, which, similar to the diversification of coat hair colour in mammals, is appropriate for different environments [1]
The biosynthesis of anthocyanins is affected by many factors, and the regulatory mechanism is complicated in plants
R2R3-myeloblastosis family (MYB) transcription factors play a critical role in this regulatory pathway, which can directly regulate the expression of related genes and lead to tissue-specific anthocyanin accumulation [65,66]
Summary
The accumulation of different pigmentations affects the growth, development and reproduction of plants under various conditions, which, similar to the diversification of coat hair colour in mammals, is appropriate for different environments [1]. Anthocyanin biosynthesis is affected by various biotic and abiotic stresses, including UV irradiation, insect attack, drought, and low temperature [9,10,11]. The biosynthesis of anthocyanins in fruit ular biology and bioinformatics, an increasing number of studies have revealed that there crops has attracted large amounts of attention from academics. With the development of are obvious differences in the regulatory mechanisms of anthocyanin biosynthesis bemolecular biology and bioinformatics, an increasing number of studies have revealed that tween different plant species. This article biosynthesis aims to provide a detailed overview of vide a theoretical foundation for the genetic improvement and breeding of crops, the known regulatory mechanisms of anthocyanin biosynthesis in apples and pearsfruits and and ornamental plant species [16]. Provide a theoretical foundation for the genetic improvement and breeding of crops, fruits and ornamental plant species [16]
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a call
