Regulatory Functions of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor Type O in Immune Cells.

Feiling Xie,Hongmei Dong,Hao Zhang

doi:10.3389/fimmu.2021.783370

Abstract

The members of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family are key regulators in multiple signal transduction pathways and therefore they play important roles in many cellular processes, including immune response. As a member of PTP family, protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type O (PTPRO) belongs to the R3 receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatases. The expression of PTPRO isoforms is tissue-specific and the truncated PTPRO (PTPROt) is mainly observed in hematopoietic cells, including B cells, T cells, macrophages and other immune cells. Therefore, PTPROt may play an important role in immune cells by affecting their growth, differentiation, activation and immune responses. In this review, we will focus on the regulatory roles and underlying molecular mechanisms of PTPRO/PTPROt in immune cells, including B cells, T cells, and macrophages.

Highlights

Regulatory Functions of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase ReceptorThe members of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family are key regulators in multiple signal transduction pathways and they play important roles in many cellular processes, including immune response
The protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) catalyze the dephosphorylation of protein tyrosine kinases (PTKs) themselves or their downstream targets and play key regulatory roles in multiple signal transduction pathways [1]
Further investigation found that on the one hand PTPROt promotes T effector cell (Teff) differentiation by activating Lck, and on the other hand it inhibits regulatory T cell (Treg) differentiation by enhancing Stat5 dephosphorylation. These findings suggested that by maintaining the proper Teff/Treg balance in tumor microenvironment PTPROt can enhance T cells’ anti-tumor immune response [34] (Figure 1B)

Summary

Regulatory Functions of Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Receptor

The members of the protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) family are key regulators in multiple signal transduction pathways and they play important roles in many cellular processes, including immune response. As a member of PTP family, protein tyrosine phosphatase receptor type O (PTPRO) belongs to the R3 receptor-like protein tyrosine phosphatases. The expression of PTPRO isoforms is tissue-specific and the truncated PTPRO (PTPROt) is mainly observed in hematopoietic cells, including B cells, T cells, macrophages and other immune cells. PTPROt may play an important role in immune cells by affecting their growth, differentiation, activation and immune responses. We will focus on the regulatory roles and underlying molecular mechanisms of PTPRO/PTPROt in immune cells, including B cells, T cells, and macrophages

INTRODUCTION

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DISCUSSION