Regulatory B Cell Therapy in Kidney Transplantation.

Sergio G Garcia,Noelia Sandoval-Hellín,Marcella Franquesa

doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.791450

Sergio G Garcia, Noelia Sandoval-Hellín + Show 1 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2021.791450

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Abstract

In the context of kidney injury, the role of Bregs is gaining interest. In a number of autoimmune diseases, the number and/or the function of Bregs has been shown to be impaired or downregulated, therefore restoring their balance might be a potential therapeutic tool. Moreover, in the context of kidney transplantation their upregulation has been linked to tolerance. However, a specific marker or set of markers that define Bregs as a unique cell subset has not been found and otherwise multiple phenotypes of Bregs have been studied. A quest on the proper markers and induction mechanisms is now the goal of many researchers. Here we summarize the most recent evidence on the role of Bregs in kidney disease by describing the relevance of in vitro and in vivo Bregs induction as well as the potential use of Bregs as cell therapy agents in kidney transplantation.

Highlights

B cells are traditionally described to show a primarily effector phenotype: antibody-producing cells with the capacity to present antigen and stimulate T cells through cytokine production (Janeway et al, 1987; Ochsenbein et al, 1999; Harris et al, 2000)
Phenotypic and functional stability is a challenge considering the transient nature of some of the B cell subsets with regulatory phenotypes (Bregs) phenotypes described (Table 1). In this mini-review we aimed to summarize the most relevant and recent evidence on the role of Bregs in kidney disease by discussing the relevance of in vitro and in vivo Breg induction as well as the potential use of Bregs as cell therapy agents (Figure 1)
Bregs have been described as major drivers of tolerance in kidney transplantation and in autoimmune diseases

Summary

Introduction

B cells are traditionally described to show a primarily effector phenotype: antibody-producing cells with the capacity to present antigen and stimulate T cells through cytokine production (Janeway et al, 1987; Ochsenbein et al, 1999; Harris et al, 2000). Nowadays it is widely accepted the existence of B cell subsets with regulatory phenotypes (Bregs) involved in suppressing the immune response, inducing tolerance and maintaining homeostasis (Wang et al, 2020).

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