Abstract
Rice and maize are the principal food crop species worldwide. The mechanism of gene regulation for the yield of rice and maize is still the research focus at present. Seed size, weight and shape are important traits of crop yield in rice and maize. Most members of three gene families, APETALA2/ethylene response factor, auxin response factors and MADS, were identified to be involved in yield traits in rice and maize. Analysis of molecular regulation mechanisms related to yield traits provides theoretical support for the improvement of crop yield. Genetic regulatory network analysis can provide new insights into gene families with the improvement of sequencing technology. Here, we analyzed the evolutionary relationships and the genetic regulatory network for the gene family members to predicted genes that may be involved in yield-related traits in rice and maize. The results may provide some theoretical and application guidelines for future investigations of molecular biology, which may be helpful for developing new rice and maize varieties with high yield traits.
Highlights
It has been predicted that crop yields must double to meet the demands of the rising world population by 205 (Ray et al, 2013)
The AP2 domain, auxin response factors (ARFs) domain and MADS gene candidate sequences from rice and maize genomes were derived from the China Rice Data Center and NCBI3. 300, 69 and 143 potential sequences were identified as AP2 domaincontaining genes, ARF domain-containing genes and MADS genes, respectively
We constructed the phylogenetic tree of the AP2 protein sequences in rice and maize to illustrate the phylogenetic relationship
Summary
It has been predicted that crop yields must double to meet the demands of the rising world population by 205 (Ray et al, 2013). Rice and wheat are key food crops and have been the most widely consumed staple foods in most parts of the world. They are grown as annual grain and belong to the monocotyledonous grass family. It is shown that yield-related QTLs are conserved between maize and rice (Liu et al, 2017) Another yield-related QTL is kernel row number QTL, KRN4, which can enhance grain productivity by increasing KRN per ear (Liu et al, 2015c). APETALA2/ethylene response factor (AP2/ERF), auxin response factors (ARFs) and MADS genes are key factors in grain yield traits and crop domestication (Harrop et al, 2019; Li et al, 2019; Wang et al, 2019)
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