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Abstract
Salicylic acid (SA) is a naturally occurring phenolic compound. SA plays an important role in the regulation of plant growth, development, ripening, and defense responses. The role of SA in the plant–pathogen relationship has been extensively investigated. In addition to defense responses, SA plays an important role in the response to abiotic stresses, including drought, low temperature, and salinity stresses. It has been suggested that SA has great agronomic potential to improve the stress tolerance of agriculturally important crops. However, the utility of SA is dependent on the concentration of the applied SA, the mode of application, and the state of the plants (e.g., developmental stage and acclimation). Generally, low concentrations of applied SA alleviate the sensitivity to abiotic stresses, and high concentrations of applied induce high levels of oxidative stress, leading to a decreased tolerance to abiotic stresses. In this article, the effects of SA on the water stress responses and regulation of stomatal closure are reviewed.
Highlights
Salicylic acid (SA) is involved in the regulation of pathogenesisrelated protein expression, leading to plant defense against biotrophic pathogens (Dempsey et al, 2011)
CAMTA3/AtSR1 binds to the promoter of EDS1 to repress its expression and disease resistance (Du et al, 2009). These results suggest that cold signaling and SA signaling may be interrelated and that the effect of SA on cold tolerance may be tissue-specific and dependent on the organism, concentration, and period of application
Low reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels act as secondary signal molecules to enhance the activities of cellular protective enzymes, including ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), guaiacol peroxidase (GPX), glutathione reductase (GR), alternative oxidase (AOX), and heat shock protein (HSP; Janda et al, 1999; Kang and Saltveit, 2002; Tasgín et al, 2003; He et al, 2005; Shi et al, 2006)
Summary
Salicylic acid (SA) is involved in the regulation of pathogenesisrelated protein expression, leading to plant defense against biotrophic pathogens (Dempsey et al, 2011). Low concentrations of SA may enhance the antioxidant capacity in plants, but high concentrations of SA may cause cell death or susceptibility to abiotic stresses (Hara et al, 2012). The exogenous application of SA induces ROS, H2O2, and Ca2+ accumulation, leading to stomatal closure (Dong et al, 2001; Liu et al, 2003; He et al, 2007).
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