Regulation of the vital activity of cells, tissues and organs in the human body and mechanisms for its implementation (review)

Abstract

The unity of the organism and the ambient environment is realized by the nervous system and the humoral regulation. Based on this, all the variety of mechanisms for the functional activity regulation of the human body, experts traditionally classify into nervous and humoral processes, indicating that they are practically inseparable and constitute a united system. The advantages of one system compensate for possible shortcomings of the other, however, the vulnerability of the neuro-reflex mechanism of regulation is extremely high, and the state of knowledge of nervous regulation is higher, since it is amenable to registration by instrumental devices. At the same time, it is obvious that humoral regulation is one of the evolutionarily earliest mechanisms for regulating vital processes and, therefore, the most tested in practical use and, due to the preservation of this method of regulating homeostasis in the body, the most reliable and evolutionarily proven, but the study of humoral mechanisms regulation of the functions on the cellular and organ level is complicated by the vastness of subordinate tissues. Further painstaking research work is needed to study both the possibilities of humoral regulation in the human body and further study of the hemocirculatory system reactivity. This work can be the most important factor in the development of evidence-based medicine, validation of treatment policy for various pathological processes, objectification of control and estimated results of treatment.