Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs), a class of antigen-presenting cells, are widely present in tissues and apparatuses of the body, and their ability to migrate is key for the initiation of immune activation and tolerogenic immune responses. The importance of DCs migration for their differentiation, phenotypic states, and immunologic functions has attracted widespread attention. In this review, we discussed and compared the chemokines, membrane molecules, and migration patterns of conventional DCs, plasmocytoid DCs, and recently proposed DC subgroups. We also review the promoters and inhibitors that affect DCs migration, including the hypoxia microenvironment, tumor microenvironment, inflammatory factors, and pathogenic microorganisms. Further understanding of the migration mechanisms and regulatory factors of DC subgroups provides new insights for the treatment of diseases, such as infection, tumors, and vaccine preparation.
Highlights
Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells that link innate and adaptive immune responses
A substantial number of CCR2-dependent LY6Chi monocytes that secrete proinflammatory factors and accumulate in the intestine may transform into inf-DCs and migrate to mesenteric lymph nodes (LNs) and induce T-cell effects (Zigmond et al, 2012)
NDV-VLPs induce the expression of CCR7 on DCs and cooperate with CCL19/CCL21 to mediate the migration of DCs to draining LNs or the spleen to activate CD4+ T-cell response
Summary
Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells that link innate and adaptive immune responses. Migrating cDCs and pDCs recruited from the blood to LNs can promote peripheral Treg cells to induce immune tolerance, thereby linking migrating DCs as potential markers for the treatment of autoimmune diseases (Bonasio et al, 2006; Hadeiba et al, 2012).
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