Regulation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis in free-living pigeons.

Abstract

We studied feral free-living pigeons (Columba livia) to determine whether either unstressed or stress-induced corticosterone release was altered during a prebasic molt. The pigeons were at various stages of molt throughout the study, but corticosterone responses in molting and nonmolting birds did not differ. This was further reflected in equivalent adrenal responses to exogenous adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), suggesting equivalent steroidogenic capacity of adrenal tissues during both physiological states. There was a slight change, however, in pituitary regulation during molt. Whereas exogenous arginine vasotocin (AVT) elevated corticosterone levels in nonmolting birds, during molt an equivalent dose of AVT was ineffective, suggesting that the pituitary is less sensitive to an AVT signal during molt. AVT also appears to be more effective than corticotropin-releasing factor at eliciting ACTH release in pigeons. Overall, these data indicate that pigeons regulate their corticosterone release differently during molt than other avian species studied to date.