Regulation of the fertility of gray forest soil in a long-term stationary experiment under different fertilization and liming systems

Abstract

Aim. To study the influence of the application of periodic liming, its effect and aftereffect under different systems of fertilization and saturation with agricultural crops in a 7-field crop rotation on the state of potential and effective fertility of gray forest soil. Methods. Field experiment, laboratory, analytical, mathematical-statistical, calculation-comparative. Results. The scientific substantiation of agrotechnological measures for reproduction and regulation of the fertility of gray forest soil for long-term (30 years) agriculture is presented. The types and forms of manifestation, reproduction factors, potential regulation, and effective fertility were highlighted in the article. The analysis of changes in physicochemical and agrochemical properties under the influence of periodic liming and the use of various fertilizer systems for completed four rotations of a 7-field crop rotation was carried out. During rotations, I and II, the balance of calcium and magnesium in the soil were calculated for various organomineral fertilizers against the background of the use of limestone and dolomite flour. For rotations, I, II, III, and IV, the dynamics of humus content are reflected, and the optimal parameters of its reserves and ways to achieve a consistently high level with different mineral fertilizers are determined when using 10 t/ha of manure in rotations I and II, and in rotations III and IV for lack of dung from the use of green manure (up to 5 t/ha) and by-products (up to 5 t/ha) of crops of a 7-field crop rotation against the background of repeated liming. Based on thirty years of research, the main issues of conducting periodic chemical reclamation in combination with organic and mineral fertilizers are considered and the effectiveness of its action and aftereffect is proved, as well as the effectiveness of the use of a one-and-a-half dose of the ameliorant with prolonged intensive mineral load in agrocenoses is substantiated. The productivity of agrocenoses was given for the completed four rotations of a 7-field crop rotation on gray forest soil. A set of agrotechnological measures aimed at preventing the manifestation of degradation processes in arable gray forest soils and the full reproduction of their fertility elements in agrocenoses with various technologies for growing crops is substantiated.