Regulation of the eel electroplax sodium channel and phosphorylation of residues on amino- and carboxyl-terminal domains by cAMP-dependent protein kinase

Abstract

Previous studies have shown that the short-motif electroplax Na channel is phosphorylated in vitro by cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase (PKA) at serines 6 or 7 and 1776 and threonine 17 (Emerick & Agnew, 1989). We here show that phosphatase treatment of solubilized, purified Na channels enhanced subsequent PKA labeling of four of five tryptic phosphopeptides, indicating that these sites are phosphorylated in vivo. Microsequencing and analysis of PTH-amino acid products revealed endogenous labeling of serines 6, 444, 1680, and 1776. Serines 1680 and 1776 lie in the carboxyl-terminal cytoplasmic domain, while serine 6 lies in the amino terminus and serine 444 is in the cytoplasmic loop between domains I and II. Endogenous phosphorylation of serine 6 establishes experimentally that the Na channel amino terminus is cytoplasmic. In electrophysiological experiments, brief exposure of inside-out membrane patches excised from Sachs-organ cells to MgATP and purified PKA catalytic subunit produced rapid, sustained reduction of Na current amplitude by approximately 80% and a hyperpolarizing shift in the conductance/voltage relation by 10-12 mV. The effect was absent in controls omitting either PKA or MgATP. Serines 6 and 1776 and threonine 17 are labeled rapidly and extensively in vitro, and only threonine 17 appears to be unphosphorylated in vivo. We suggest that phosphorylation of the amino and carboxyl domains, perhaps especially at threonine 17, underlies the demonstrated downregulation of the electroplax Na channel.