Regulation of The Commercial Uses of Microorganisms

Abstract

Abstract A large variety of microorganisms, including many genetically engineered microorganisms (GEMs), are used commercially because of advances in modern biology. However, many of these commercial applications, particularly those intended for use in the environment, are subject to governmental health and safety regulations. These regulations have largely been established in response to the scientific debate that followed the first proposals to use engineered microorganisms in open field‐testing.