Abstract
Bcl-3 is a member of the IκB family of proteins and an important regulator of Nuclear Factor (NF)-κB activity. The ability of Bcl-3 to bind and regulate specific NF-κB dimers has been studied in great depth, but its physiological roles in vivo are still not fully understood. It is, however, becoming clear that Bcl-3 is essential for the proper development, survival and activity of adaptive immune cells. Bcl-3 dysregulation can be observed in a number of autoimmune pathologies, and Bcl3-deficient animals are more susceptible to bacterial and parasitic infection. This review will describe our current understanding of the roles played by Bcl-3 in the development and regulation of the adaptive immune response, including lymphoid organogenesis, immune tolerance, lymphocyte function and dendritic cell biology.
Highlights
The Adaptive Immune ResponseThe immune system is comprised of two interacting branches: the innate immune system, providing rapid first line defense against infection; and the adaptive immune system, which offers a slower, but more tailored response and generates immunological memory
Bcl-3 is a member of the inhibitor of κB (IκB) family of proteins and an important regulator of Nuclear
It appears that activation of both Nuclear Factor (NF)-κB pathways is required to develop fully functional Medullary thymic epithelial cells (mTECs) and/or other stromal cells involved in central tolerance, further studies are required to determine precisely how the NF-κB pathways are working in these cells
Summary
The immune system is comprised of two interacting branches: the innate immune system, providing rapid first line defense against infection; and the adaptive immune system, which offers a slower, but more tailored response and generates immunological memory. Each lymphocyte expresses a randomly generated TCR or BCR on its surface Many of these are non-functional or recognize self-Ags. To eliminate cells carrying such receptors, immature lymphocytes undergo a screening process, referred to as central tolerance. During T cell development, a specialized population of immunosuppressive regulatory T cells (Tregs ) are generated, called natural Tregs , which can suppress autoimmunity and regulate adaptive immune responses [59]. These developmental processes generate the pool of circulating “naïve” lymphocytes. The existence of autoimmunity demonstrates its fallibility, adaptive immunity is essential for human life and the target of effective vaccines
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