Abstract
Aerobic exercise training and resistance exercise training are both well-known for their ability to improve human health; especially in individuals with type 2 diabetes. However, there are critical differences between these two main forms of exercise training and the adaptations that they induce in the body that may account for their beneficial effects. This article reviews the literature and highlights key gaps in our current understanding of the effects of aerobic and resistance exercise training on the regulation of systemic glucose homeostasis, skeletal muscle glucose transport and skeletal muscle glucose metabolism.
Highlights
Exercise training is defined as planned bouts of physical activity which repeatedly occur over a duration of time lasting from weeks to years
On the regulation of systemic glucose homeostasis, we describe how blood glucose levels are regulated in a healthy state, and review the current literature regarding how they are impacted by type 2 diabetes and exercise training
While taken together these results suggest that exercise training may stimulate glucose flux via the pentose phosphate pathway in skeletal muscle, additional studies examining skeletal muscle from exercise trained humans or rodents are needed to fully assess a role for this metabolic pathway in exercise training-induced adaptations in skeletal muscle glucose metabolism. Both aerobic and resistance exercise training are beneficial in ameliorating the hyperglycemia associated with the metabolic disease, type 2 diabetes. This beneficial blood glucose lowering effect can be at least partially attributed to training-stimulated alterations in skeletal muscle glucose transport and glucose metabolism
Summary
Exercise training is defined as planned bouts of physical activity which repeatedly occur over a duration of time lasting from weeks to years. For the purposes of this review article, we have divided exercise training into two general categories: (1) Aerobic exercise training, which consists of weight bearing and non-weight bearing activities; and (2) resistance exercise training, which consists of weight bearing activities that act against an external load Both types of training can be developed as progressive programs, which is defined as a planned increase in the duration, frequency, and/or intensity of the activity throughout the training period. The training period for this article was 3 weeks, and that information is clearly indicated in that section We allowed this one exception because it highlighted a key gap in the current literature regarding the mechanism(s) underlying the effects of aerobic or resistance exercise training on muscle glucose transport
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