Regulation of S1P receptors and sphingosine kinases expression in acute pulmonary endothelial cell injury.

Huiying Liu,Jinwen Liu,Xin Yuan,Changqing Bai,Wenkai Niu,Puyuan Li,Zili Zhang,Jing Zheng

doi:10.7717/peerj.2712

Abstract

BackgroundAcute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) is a severe clinical syndrome with mortality rate as high as 30–40%. There is no treatment yet to improve pulmonary endothelial barrier function in patients with severe pulmonary edema. Developing therapies to protect endothelial barrier integrity and stabilizing gas exchange is getting more and more attention. Sphingosine-1-phosphate (S1P) is able to enhance the resistance of endothelial cell barrier. S1P at physiological concentrations plays an important role in maintaining endothelial barrier function. Proliferation, regeneration and anti-inflammatory activity that mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) exhibit make it possible to regulate the homeostatic control of S1P.MethodsBy building a pulmonary endothelial cell model of acute injury, we investigated the regulation of S1P receptors and sphingosine kinases expression by MSCs during the treatment of acute lung injury using RT-PCR, and investigated the HPAECs Micro-electronics impedance using Real Time Cellular Analysis.ResultsIt was found that the down-regulation of TNF-α expression was more significant when MSC was used in combination with S1P. The combination effection mainly worked on S1PR2, S1PR3 and SphK2. The results show that when MSCs were used in combination with S1P, the selectivity of S1P receptors was increased and the homeostatic control of S1P concentration was improved through regulation of expression of S1P metabolic enzymes.DiscussionsThe study found that, as a potential treatment, MSCs could work on multiple S1P related genes simultaneously. When it was used in combination with S1P, the expression regulation result of related genes was not simply the superposition of each other, but more significant outcome was obtained. This study establishes the experimental basis for further exploring the efficacy of improving endothelial barrier function in acute lung injury, using MSCs in combination with S1P and their possible synergistic mechanism.

Highlights

Acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) was first recognized as a clinical syndrome in the 1960s
The expression of S1PR2 and S1PR3 were further reduced when mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) were used in combination with S1P
In this study We found that when MSCs works on acute injured Human pulmonary artery endothelial cells (HPAECs), the regulation of individual S1P receptors were different, which was mainly acted on S1PR2 and S1PR3

Summary

Introduction

Acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) was first recognized as a clinical syndrome in the 1960s. Acute lung injury and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI/ARDS) is a severe clinical syndrome with mortality rate as high as 30–40%. The results show that when MSCs were used in combination with S1P, the selectivity of S1P receptors was increased and the homeostatic control of S1P concentration was improved through regulation of expression of S1P metabolic enzymes. The study found that, as a potential treatment, MSCs could work on multiple S1P related genes simultaneously When it was used in combination with S1P, the expression regulation result of related genes was not the superposition of each other, but more significant outcome was obtained. This study establishes the experimental basis for further exploring the efficacy of improving endothelial barrier function in acute lung injury, using MSCs in combination with S1P and their possible synergistic mechanism

Methods

Results

Discussion

Conclusion