Abstract
Salt stress is a major environmental stress that affects plant growth and development. Plants are sessile and thus have to develop suitable mechanisms to adapt to high-salt environments. Salt stress increases the intracellular osmotic pressure and can cause the accumulation of sodium to toxic levels. Thus, in response to salt stress signals, plants adapt via various mechanisms, including regulating ion homeostasis, activating the osmotic stress pathway, mediating plant hormone signaling, and regulating cytoskeleton dynamics and the cell wall composition. Unraveling the mechanisms underlying these physiological and biochemical responses to salt stress could provide valuable strategies to improve agricultural crop yields. In this review, we summarize recent developments in our understanding of the regulation of plant salt stress.
Highlights
This review briefly describes the recent progress in our understanding of salt stress responses and the underlying regulatory mechanisms in plants, focusing on salt stress signal sensing and transduction
Identifying the salt stress signaling pathway and characterizing the upstream salt stress sensors could guide approaches to mitigate the negative effects of salt stress on crop yields and improve agricultural development
Salt stress adversely affects plant growth and development, whereas plants have evolved regulatory mechanisms that allow them to adapt to these adverse conditions
Summary
High salinity hampers glycophytes’ growth and development, seriously limiting crop productivity and challenging food security. Plants have to develop various strategies to adapt to saline environments These strategies include a series of signaling transduction pathways that are involved in activities ranging from salt stress sensing to the expression of many salt-stressresponsive genes, which regulate processes including ion transport, osmotic homeostasis, and detoxification. These mechanisms rely on multiple regulatory elements, such as phytohormones, lipids, the cell wall, and the cytoskeleton [10,11,12]. Understanding the molecular mechanisms of plant salt stress regulation will provide insight on how to improve plant salt stress resistance and is a critical step in improving agricultural productivity and food security
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