Regulation of microRNA with food. Part 1. Food of plant origin

Abstract

Тhe scientific review presents the mechanisms of microRNA regulation of biological processes in the human body with the help of food products of plant origin. To write the article, information was searched using Scopus, Web of Science, MedLine, PubMed, Google Scholar, EMBASE, Global Health, The Cochrane Library databases. The obtained information on dietary microRNAs is organized into the Dietary MicroRNA Databases (http://sbbi.unl.edu/dmd/), which is a repository for archiving and analyzing structural and functional microRNAs that enter the human body with food. It is stated that exogenous plant miRNAs entering the body with food are present in blood serum, tissues of humans and various animals, and regulate the expression of target genes. More than 50 miRNAs of plant origin have been identified in human blood serum using next-generation sequencing. The authors list some representatives from the multitude of dietary plant miRNAs. It is emphasized that several miRNAs show their functional activity both in plants and in mammals and easily overcome physiological barriers (miR-155, miR-168 and miR-854). Scientists believe that the ambiguous effect of plant products on the expression of human microRNA was shown by the results of a study conducted in vegetarians. Thus, with a comprehensive review using the latest information search databases, it was found that in modern scientific literature, the authors determine the horizontal transfer of numerous microRNA molecules from plants to the human body. Exogenous xenogenic xenomiRs are identified in most samples of human tissues and biological fluids. Entering the body together with food, they can significantly change the structure of the human transcriptome. Food products not only bring xenogeneic miRNAs, but also act as modulators of the endogenous miRNA generation by cells of the human body.