Abstract
Cardiovascular disease is strongly influenced by platelet activation. Platelet activation and thrombus formation at atherosclerotic plaque rupture sites is a dynamic process regulated by different signaling networks. Therefore, there are now focused efforts to search for novel bioactive compounds which target receptors and pathways in the platelet activation process while preserving normal hemostatic function. The antiplatelet activity of numerous fruits and vegetables and their multiple mechanisms of action have recently been highlighted. In this review, we review the antiplatelet actions of bioactive compounds via key pathways (protein disulfide isomerase, mitogen-activated protein kinases, mitochondrial function, cyclic adenosine monophosphate, Akt, and shear stress-induced platelet aggregation) with no effects on bleeding time. Therefore, targeting these pathways might lead to the development of effective antiplatelet strategies that do not increase the risk of bleeding.
Highlights
Cardiovascular disease—a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among adults—is strongly influenced by platelet activation [1]
Recent clinical studies have shown that the benefit from antiplatelet therapy in primary prevention is counteracted by the entailed bleeding risk [9], and even moderate bleeding was strongly associated with mortality [10]
Platelet activation at vascular injury sites involves multiple cell signaling pathways that are coordinated in both time and space and is crucial for hemostasis, but uncontrolled platelet activation leads to pathologic thrombus formation and organ failure [24]
Summary
Cardiovascular disease—a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among adults—is strongly influenced by platelet activation [1]. The antiplatelet activity of numerous fruit and vegetables and their multiple mechanisms of action have recently been highlighted. In this context, mango fruit (Mangiferaindica) [11], maqui (Aristoteliachilensis) [12], guava (Psidiumguajava) [13], tomato pomace [14], cherimoya (Annonacherimola Mill.) [15], and lupin (Lupinus spp., Fabaceae family) [16] have been identified with antiplatelet activity. Mango fruit (Mangiferaindica) [11], maqui (Aristoteliachilensis) [12], guava (Psidiumguajava) [13], tomato pomace [14], cherimoya (Annonacherimola Mill.) [15], and lupin (Lupinus spp., Fabaceae family) [16] have been identified with antiplatelet activity This activity has been associated with the high content of bioactive compounds like polyphenols, nucleosides, anthocyanins, and carotenoids [11,17–20]. The present article aims to highlight the relative contribution of selective targets of antiplatelet bioactive compounds necessary to overcome bleeding
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