Abstract
Apolipoprotein (apo) A‐IV is a protein synthesized, in humans, only by the small intestine. It has a molecular weight of 46 000 Da. This paper summarizes the evidence supporting its role as a satiety factor following the ingestion of fat. This function of apo A‐IV is unique and not shared by other apolipoproteins, including apo A‐I. The satiety effect of apo A‐IV is centrally mediated. The mechanism of how apo A‐IV inhibits food intake is not clear but it probably acts by inhibiting both gastric acid secretion as well as gastric motility. Lipid absorption stimulates apo A‐IV synthesis and secretion by the jejunum. In addition to lipid feeding, there is evidence that a factor which is released as a result of lipid absorption in the distal small intestine also stimulates the synthesis and release of apo A‐IV by the jejunum. This factor is probably PYY.
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